Description of the attraction
The village of Kolomenskoye was once the hereditary land ownership of the royal family. Today the former patrimony of the great Moscow princes is a part of the state united art historical-architectural and natural-landscape museum-reserve. Kolomenskoye is located in the southern administrative district of Moscow.
The history of the estate
Legend has it that the village was founded by the inhabitants of Kolomna, who sought shelter from the Mongol-Tatar hordes and fled from their homes in search of salvation from Khan Batu. For the first time about Kolomenskoye mentions the will Ivan Kalita, compiled in 1336 In the first third of the XVI century. Vasily III builds on the lands of his patrimony a church dedicated to the birth of the heir, and then his son, John the Terrible, getting married to the kingdom, erects another temple in the village. The Tsar loved Kolomenskoye with particular trepidation: the name-days of Ivan the Terrible were annually celebrated in the estate.
Who started the uprising against Vasily Shuisky Ivan Bolotnikov chose Kolomenskoye as the place of his bet. In October 1606, his army built a prison in the village, from where the governor Bolotnikov conducted an agitation campaign and called for the recognition of False Dimitry as the legitimate sovereign.
He came to the kingdom in 1645. Alexey Mikhailovich also fell in love with Kolomenskoye. Under him, the village flourished and became rich, because the sovereign preferred to spend most of his free time in his estate near Moscow. Under Alexei Mikhailovich, many objects were built in Kolomenskoye - the royal palace made of wood, numbering 270 rooms, halls and premises, the Kazan house church, the Prikaznye and Colonel's chambers, Sytny and Khlebny courtyards and guardhouses. Gardens were laid out around the buildings, and the territory of the estate was surrounded by a fence with three entrance gates.
The death of Alexei Mikhailovich brought oblivion and desolation to Kolomensky. Later Catherine II ordered to dismantle the dilapidated residence, and in the 70s. XVIII century Prince Makulov designed and built a new palace in Kolomenskoye. The work was partially used materials left after the analysis of the old tsarist choir. Catherine II stayed at Kolomenskoye, arriving in Moscow from St. Petersburg. Later, her palace was rebuilt under Nicholas I, and in 1872 the wooden structures were finally eliminated.
In 1994, the Kolomenskoye estate was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Museum of Wooden Architecture
After the revolution, Kolomenskoye was turned into an open-air museum … The idea belonged to the restorer Pyotr Baranovsky, who caught fire by creating an exhibition similar to the museum of wooden architecture (skansen) in Norway. At the end of the 20s. of the last century, monuments of Russian wooden architecture from different parts of the European honor of the country began to be delivered to Kolomenskoye. After the war, the geography of the buildings brought to Kolomenskoye expanded significantly, and exhibits from Siberia appeared on the territory of the museum.
In the museum you can see Bratsk prison tower, built in 1659 on the Angara River by Russian explorers. A wooden prison tower was brought from Sumskiy Posad, called Mokhovoy … Nikolo-Korelsky monastery near Arkhangelsk was founded in the XIV century. and for a long time served as the country's sea gate. Travel tower the monastery is also presented in the Museum of Wooden Architecture in Kolomenskoye. The famous exhibit of the Kolomna skansen - House of Peter I, built for the emperor in the Novodvinsk fortress in 1702. In Moscow, this is the only museum whose exposition tells about the life of Peter I.
The attention of visitors to the estate is also worthy of wooden church of St. George the Victorious, built in 1685in the Arkhangelsk region and the former part of the churchyard in the village of Semenovskaya, and the Dutch house of Peter I, which is a full-size model of the oldest wooden house in the Dutch Zaandam.
The former village of Kolomenskoye is spread over an area of more than 390 hectares. On the territory of the once royal patrimony, there are many architectural objects that occupy a worthy place in the lists of the most valuable monuments of history and culture.
Church of the Ascension
The oldest building in Kolomenskoye is the Church of the Ascension of the Lord … The Orthodox church was built by order of Vasily III. The Grand Duke of Moscow entrusted the project to the Italian Peter Francis Anibala. The Church of the Ascension of the Lord in Kolomenskoye is the first tent-roofed church built in Russia from stone.
The foundation was completed in 1528, and the church was consecrated only four years later. The original decoration of the temple is known only from written sources. None of the decorative elements have survived to this day. In the 70s. XVI century renovations began in the temple, as a result of which they lost the floor of ceramic tiles and renewed the "wall letter" on the eastern facade near the royal place. In 1884, the wall paintings were completely replaced by oil painting.
The height of the church bell tower is 62 meters, the internal space occupies an area of about 100 square meters. m. Three high porches lead to the gallery surrounding the church. When decorating the church, the architects used Gothic elements drawn in the Renaissance style. The building is considered the one and only work of this kind of Russian architects.
Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist
The Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist, like St. Basil's Cathedral on Red Square, belongs to the type of multi-pillar temples of the 16th century. In addition to them, similar buildings have no longer survived.
The church consists of five pillars, isolated from each other and with autonomous altars and separate entrances … The main chapel is dedicated to the Beheading of John the Baptist. The church's belfry is two-span, the tiers of each side-chapel are decorated with kokoshniks and panels. The temple looks like a harmonious monolith, thanks to the unity of the decorative elements and galleries, linking together all its side-altars.
Church of St. George the Victorious
Another outstanding monument of Russian stone architecture, the Church of St. George the Victorious consists of a church built in the 17th century and an older bell tower. The belfry was built in the 16th century and was part of the nearby Ascension Temple.
In 1640, a 53-pound bell was raised to the bell tower, cast by the famous master Daniil Matveyev by order of the tsar, and a couple of decades later a church was attached to the belfry. It was consecrated in 1678. There is a version that the bell tower was built by the same Peter Francis Anibale, because in its appearance you can clearly discern the features of the architectural style known as the Italian Renaissance. The belfry is somewhat reminiscent of the Italian campanillas, despite the abundance of primordial Russian elements in its decor.
Kazan Church
The Kazan Church in Kolomenskoye was founded in 1649 by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in honor of the birth of the heir to the throne … Its construction took only four years, and in 1653 the temple with a hipped-roof bell tower was consecrated in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.
In the beginning, the church was a house and the wooden palace of the king was connected to the temple by a covered 50-meter walkway. The building is made in the style called "pattern". The building of the church is pillarless, erected on a high basement and topped with five chapters. The church houses the Miraculous Icon of the Mother of God "Reigning". It was found in 1917 in the basement of the Ascension Church in Kolomenskoye. The image is considered the main shrine of the political movement that supports the monarchy as the only correct state structure in Russia.
Vodovzvodnaya tower
In the 70s. XVII century. a tower was built in Kolomenskoye, in which it was supposed to place a mechanism for lifting water. The Vodovzvodnaya Tower became the center of the hydraulic engineering mechanism that supplied the sovereign's court. The mechanism was made by Bogdan Puchin, a former well-known craftsman at the Kremlin Armory.
The tower was erected between Kolomenskoye and Dyakov, a village that later became part of the estate complex. The height of the building is 15 m and its vertical proportions are very harmoniously combined with the architectural ensemble formed by the bell tower of the Church of St. George the Victorious. The tower is built of bricks, its stone vault is covered with wood, and both main facades are exquisitely decorated. Today, the Vodovzvodnaya Tower houses a small museum exposition dedicated to the history of water supply in the 17th-20th centuries.
Royal palace
The Tsar's Palace in Kolomenskoye was built for Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in the second half of the 17th century famous Russian architects Semyon Petrov and Ivan Mikhailov.
The palace was designed in the form of a system of independent rooms connected by galleries and walkways and called stands. It had an asymmetrical layout and consisted of 26 chambers decorated with carvings, scaly roof and painted with gold leaf. The inside of the walls was painted by Simon Ushakov, who used primed canvases as a basis for his work. The tower was sheathed on the outside with boards, and the frames of three thousand windows on the facades were richly decorated with high-relief carvings. The total area of the Tsar's Palace in Kolomenskoye was 10,250 sq. m. excluding buildings for servants and utility warehouses. In 1768, Catherine ordered to demolish the palace, the repair costs of which were too high. The layout created before this was stored in the Armory, but over time it was lost.
It was decided to recreate the palace in the 90s. last century. The authors of the reconstruction project relied on the surviving measurements and plans. The place was chosen aside from the previous one, because trees grew on the ruins of the old residence of Alexei Mikhailovich, which it was decided to preserve. As a result, the historical interiors were recreated in 23 rooms and halls, and the total area of the built palace is more than 7000 sq. m.
In the palace you can see the mansion of the queen with Front porchdecorated with ornaments, subject paintings and furniture. The prayer room contains lists of famous icons, and the ceiling of the chapel is decorated with medallions. The decoration of the tsar's choir uses state symbols - heraldic animals, a two-headed eagle, and the suite of state rooms is decorated with stone, wood and oil painting. In the mansions of the princes, genuine exhibits of the 17th century are exhibited. - books and teaching materials for teaching grammar.
The fair area in the village of Kolomenskoye is used for the largest honey fair in Russia.
On a note
- Location: Moscow, prosp. Andropova, 39, phones: (499) 782-8917, (499) 782-8921, (499) 615-2768.
- The nearest metro stations are Kolomenskaya, Kashirskaya.
- Official website: mgomz.ru
- Opening hours: Territory: April-September: Mon-Sun 7.00–0.00, October-March: Mon-Sun 8.00–21.00; museums: Tue-Fri, Sun 10.00-18.00, Sat 11.00-19.00, ticket office closes half an hour earlier.
- Tickets: admission to the territory is free, to museums 50–350 rubles, for children under 6 years old admission is free.
