Description of the attraction
The Tchaikovsky House-Museum in Klin near Moscow is an intact house in which the composer spent the last few years of his life. Now there is a museum, a cultural center and a concert hall.
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilyich was born in 1840 year in the estate of his father in the Vyatka province. The family was musical: father and mother played music, there was a piano and an orchestra at home. The boy was sent to study at the Imperial School of Law in St. Petersburg. Then he became seriously interested in music and began to play the piano. But after graduation Peter became a lawyer … For a long time he tried to combine civil service and musical vocation, he began to study in Moscow Conservatory (then it was called the Moscow Musical Society). But in 1863, the young man still quit the service - it was impossible to combine it with music. The state career did not take place, there was no money, but creativity redeemed everything.
Tchaikovsky graduated from the Conservatory with the highest award - a large silver medal - and officially became a "free artist". Gradually, it becomes more and more popular. At this time, the so-called " Mighty bunch"- a circle of several young composers. They are M. Mussorgsky, M. Balakirev, C. Cui, A. Borodin and N. Rimsky-Korsakov. Their task is to create a Russian school of composer's art, reflecting the Russian national spirit in music. P. Tchaikovsky is too independent to be a member of such a circle, but their ideas are close to him. It was under the influence of "The Mighty Handful" that he writes overture to Romeo and Juliet and the symphonic poem The Tempest.
Tchaikovsky travels a lot during these years, actively participates in musical life as a critic and theorist. He's writing opera ("Blacksmith Vakula" and "Oprichnik"), the famous ballet "Swan Lake", and is also seriously engaged in music education … He teaches composition at the Moscow Conservatory, and not only teaches, but also develops methodological aids and textbooks, translates foreign theoretical works. But in the end, Tchaikovsky also gave up teaching, concentrating entirely on creativity, although he had personal students after that.
In the late 70s, world fame comes to him. Per overture "1812" he receives the order of St. Vladimir. Performs as a conductor, travels a lot, becomes an honorary doctor of the University of Cambridge and a member of the Paris Academy of Arts.
All this time, despite his life in the capitals and numerous trips, he has his own personal "refuge" in Klin, near Moscow.
Tchaikovsky in Klin
The composer needs a quiet and calm home, where he could fully concentrate on creativity, take a break from touring and social life. He rents estate Maidanovo under the Klin on the banks of the Sestra River. Its owner N. Novikova by that time, she was almost broke and was happy to lease the estate. There is a wooden house built in the 17th century. Despite its antiquity, it continues to be beautiful and cozy. Nearby is Demyanovo estate, where another famous composer lives, a friend of Tchaikovsky - Sergey Taneyev … Tchaikovsky lived in Maidanovo intermittently in 1885-1887. Next spring he moved to another house - also near Klin. it mansion in the village of Frolovskoye … The local places seem more picturesque to the composer. In Frolovsky are written “ The Queen of Spades" and " sleeping Beauty". However, Frolovskoe turns out to be inconvenient: the owners do not care too much about the house, which needs repair, they sell the neighboring forest for felling - and Tchaikovsky returns to Maidanovo. It was in Maidanovo that the brilliant ballet that brought the author world fame was written “ Nutcracker ».
Now both these estates - and Maidanovo and Frolovskoe - are under the jurisdiction of the Tchaikovsky Museum. Only the manor park has survived in Maidanovo. Nothing has survived from the house and the wing, which the composer once rented; a memorial pavilion has now been built on the site of the wing. There was practically nothing left of Frolovsky either. The manor house burned down in the Great Patriotic War, the remnants of outbuildings were demolished later. Now in Frolovskoe you can see the remains of a park with a system of ponds, the foundation of a house and a memorial sign reminding how Tchaikovsky once liked these places.
The estate of S. Taneev, Demyanovo, is also an object of the cultural population. It was once visited by A. S. Pushkin, G. R. Derzhavin, P. A. Vyazemsky and others. At the time of P. Tchaikovsky, there was a real cultural center here: the artist A. Vasnetsov often came to work here, K. Timiryazev lived here for a long time and even had his own laboratory - he made himself a dacha in one of the garden pavilions. Tchaikovsky himself often came here on foot to chat with his friends.
The manor house in Demyanovo is currently in ruins, in a slightly better condition is the "winter house" - one of the warm outbuildings of the estate. Preserved four ponds, grottoes, the remains of household and garden buildings. The estate of the Assumption Church of the 17th century has been preserved and is now operating. Here in the cemetery S. Taneev himself and members of P. Tchaikovsky's family are buried.
The museum plans to completely restore the historical appearance of the estate.
In 1892, Tchaikovsky moved to Klin itself and rented a two-story house. The house belonged to the world judge M. Sakharov … It is small, but picturesque, with various facades. It was the outskirts of the city, not a manor. Still, the house stood on its own plot with a small garden and a flower garden.
The composer settles on the second floor, drinks his morning tea on the balcony in the form of a lantern, and works in his study. Here, in Klin, work has been completed on “ Iolanta". These are years of creativity and international recognition. It is here that the last great work was written - the 6th " Pathetic »Symphony. P. Tchaikovsky himself conceived it as his final work about life and death.
In the fall of 1893, Tchaikovsky left the Klin house for good. He goes to the capital for the premiere of a new symphony. She was greeted coolly by the public, but Tchaikovsky considered her to be his best work to the end. Literally a few days after his last premiere, the composer died of cholera in the same place, in St. Petersburg. They served him in the Kazan Cathedral and buried him in the necropolis of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Museum history
The Tchaikovsky House was left intact by his heirs. His nephew and younger brother settled there, but in a specially made extension. Brother of the composer, Modest Ilyich, not only preserved what was left of Pyotr Ilyich, but also specially began to collect his manuscripts, autographs, memorabilia, letters, posters from friends and acquaintances. He has kept the composer's huge music library. He also became the first biographer of his brother. Biography of Tchaikovsky was published in 1901-1902 simultaneously in Moscow and in Leipzig.
MI Tchaikovsky bequeathed the house and everything collected in it to the Russian Musical Society on the condition that a museum would be created here.
During the years of the revolution, the museum owes the preservation of the archive to the then director N. Zhegin … Fearing ruin, he took all the most important things to Moscow. And a well-known anarchist settled in the house, who in the morning amused himself by firing a revolver at the portrait of the Pope, which hung in Modest Ilyich's room. Then they tried to "seal" the house by placing some institution there, and only at the end of 1918 the museum continued its normal work. Moreover, his funds began to replenish, for example, the archive of Sergei Taneev from Demyanovo was received there.
The museum continues to work before the war. The centenary of the composer is celebrated, archival materials are being published. During the Great Patriotic War, funds are evacuated to Udmurtia. The house in Klin was badly damaged - barracks and a garage were arranged in it. But already in 1945 year the museum was completely renovated and opened an exposition.
After the war, with the participation of a museum employee, the complete collection of Tchaikovsky's works was published. In the 1960s, the house was restored under the guidance of an architect A. N. Borshevsky, in the 1980s, a new restoration takes place. Since 1964, a concert hall has been opened here.
The furnishings of the house are almost completely inviolable. On the walls Photo family and friends. Tchaikovsky was conservative, he furnished each of his dwellings in the same way, so this furniture visited both Maidanovo and Florovsky. There are many left here personal belongings of the composer - pince-nez, ashtrays, tuning forks and keys for tuning the piano and much more. Here you can see numerous Gifts and souvenirs, brought by Tchaikovsky from tour, for example, a tapestry fireplace screen or a figurine of a singing rooster. Each of these gizmos has its own history.
The main exhibit of the house is, of course, a musical instrument. it Becker grand piano … The famous firm presented this grand piano to Tchaikovsky in 1885, it became his favorite instrument, and the composer played everything he had composed for it. This piano is played again twice a year. Concerts are held here on the birthday and on the day of Tchaikovsky's death.
In the park in front of the house there are several memorial trees, which were landed by the laureates of the International Competition. Tchaikovsky, they are marked with plates in two languages. In the flower garden, they try to plant only those flowers that grew here under Peter Ilyich - lilies of the valley, levkoi and roses.
In front of the house is installed monument composer. PI Tchaikovsky, in deep creative thought, sits on a garden bench and reads the score. The author of the sculpture - A. Rozhnikov.
Interesting Facts
The Sixth Symphony was one of the "programmatic", that is, having some kind of verbal description and plot of works. But Tchaikovsky himself did not disclose this program; it was supposed to be "secret." It remains a secret to this day.
On a note
- Location: Moscow region, Klin, st. Tchaikovsky, 48.
- How to get there: By train in the Leningrad direction to the station "Klin", then by buses # 30, 37, 40, 18, or fixed-route taxis # 5, 13, 14, 18 to the stop “Tchaikovsky Museum”; from the metro station "Rechnoy Vokzal" by bus # 437.
- Official website:
- Ticket prices: adults - 300 rubles, concessionary tickets - 190 rubles.
- Opening hours: 10: 00-18: 00, weekends - Wednesday-Thursday.
