Some Russian cities were lucky to become the first in this or that business, to play their significant role. The history of Tyumen tells that this is the first city that appeared in Siberia, although it is clear that people lived in these places centuries ago.
The origin of the settlement
In the vicinity of Tyumen, archaeologists have discovered the sites of an ancient man of the Neolithic and Early Iron Age. During the XIII-XVI centuries. there was the Chingi-Tura Tyumen Khanate with its capital on the banks of the local Tyumenka rivulet. And the toponym "Tyumen" was first recorded in 1406 in the Ustyug chronicle collection.
In 1586, the construction of the Tyumen prison began, as reported by a short Siberian chronicle. The place was chosen wisely: on the one side there are ravines and the Tyumenka river, on the other side - the Tura river. The city is located on the Tyumen portage, a kind of crossroads connecting with the Far East and the Far North. The year 1618 was marked for the prison by the appearance of the first monastery, which received the name of the Trinity Monastery.
As part of the province
At the beginning of the 18th century, the city was part of the Siberian province, and in 1782 it became the center of one of the districts of the Tobolsk governorship. It is difficult to summarize the history of Tyumen, especially when it comes to the 19th century, because it was then that the center of the governorship began to decline, and the county town, on the contrary, developed at a rapid pace. This is due, first of all, to the Trans-Siberian Railway, which went through Tyumen. The emergence of the railway contributed to the development of many local industries, including the main ones:
- leather production, numbering up to 70 factories;
- carpet weaving is an art that came from the East;
- food production, primarily fats and oils.
The fact that the last industry named in the list was among the leaders is evidenced by the Vasilievskaya Fair, one of the largest in the region, and the international fat fair held here.
XX century - century of changes
The development of the city is accelerating, its administrative functions are changing, the center of the province was transferred here from Tobolsk in 1918. The events of the Civil War also seriously affect Tyumen and its inhabitants, white and red, during 1918-1919. trying to settle in the city.
In the future, the city, one might say, traveled (in a figurative sense) from one administrative-territorial unit to another. It was part of the Tyumen province (until 1922) and the Tyumen district (until 1933), the Obsko-Irtysh region (in 1934, with the center in Tyumen) and the Omsk region (until 1944). From 1944 to the present day, the city has been the center of the Tyumen region.
