Description of the attraction
The city's water supply, due to the lack of drinking water inside the Byzantine fortress walls, has been provided for centuries by springs located 25 km north of Istanbul. There was a special danger of poisoning and destruction of water canals that provide the city with water during the war years and was very great. To solve this problem even in peacetime, the construction of reservoirs begins in the city.
The aqueduct was built during the reign of Emperor Justinian and delivered water to underground reservoirs - cisterns. The most famous and largest of them is the Yerebatan cistern or Yerebatan Sarancisi. It is also called the Basilica Cistern, and it dates back to the 6th century. The Yerebatan Cistern is considered one of the largest, well-preserved to our time, ancient reservoirs. This place is one of the strangest and most amazing in the world, and is a giant underground water storage tank. This cistern is located opposite Hagia Sophia - practically in the historical center of Istanbul.
The builders of the reservoir surrounded it with a wall of refractory bricks. Its thickness is 4 meters and it is covered with a special waterproofing solution. A reserve of drinking water was kept here in case of drought or siege of the city. The Turks, who prefer flowing waters to standing ones, almost did not use the water reserves stored in the cistern for their intended purpose, but only watered the gardens of the Topkapi Palace with it.
The construction of this cistern began during the reign of Constantine I in 306-337, and finished in 532, during the reign of Emperor Justinian. It was during the glory period of Eastern Rome, called the Byzantine Empire. The reservoir was actively used until the 16th century. Subsequently, it was abandoned and heavily polluted, and it was only in 1987 that the cleaned and restored Yerebatan Cistern was opened to the general public as a museum.
The reservoir is 70 meters wide and 140 meters long. It holds 80,000 cubic meters of water. A large number of columns are placed at intervals of 4 m. In total, their number is 336 - they represent a whole forest. Many of the columns were once in ancient temples and were brought to Constantinople from distant corners. Due to the difference in origin, the columns differ markedly from each other, for example, the type of marble used to create them, the method of surface treatment, the number of parts.
The functions of the base of the columns are performed by two marble blocks with a relief image of the monster of ancient legends - the serpentine Medusa, which, according to legend, could look at any mortal with a gaze. The columns were located at the far end of the dungeon. The Byzantine architects did not particularly stand on ceremony with them: one jellyfish was knocked to one side, and the second was turned upside down. This is a deliberate humiliation of an antique idol, not a strange negligence. Not far from the jellyfish, there is a marble column with a relief pattern called the "peacock's eye". This column was taken from the ruins of the Feodosia Forum, where Beyazit Square is now located. The monuments of Constantinople, in turn, like the ruins of antiquity, turned into simply piles of building material.
James Bond in the film "From Russia with Love" sailed here on a boat, and filmmaker Andron Konchalovsky filmed episodes of his film "Odyssey" here (these are the moments when all sorts of horrors happen under the light of torches reflected in the water). The vaults of this huge dungeon and the forest of columns with water dripping from everywhere, however, and so makes a strong frightening impression even without Konchalovsky on those who have ever been to these places. In total, about forty underground cisterns were found in the city, but it is possible that they will not be found yet.
Reviews
| All reviews 5 Baudolino 2016-12-08 16:19:39
Beautiful! Its columns appeared in the darkness like many trees of a lake grove, growing out of the water. Either the basilica, or the abbey church, but it stood upside down, because the light that licked the capitals, decaying in the shadow of the high vaults, did not go through the rose of the facade and not through the glass, but from the water floor, reflecting …
