Description of the attraction
The State Nature Reserve "More-Yu" is located in the Zapolyarny District of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The creation of the reserve took place on November 1, 1999 in accordance with the order of the NAO Administration. The purpose of the creation of the reserve was not only the preservation, but also a detailed study of the flora and fauna of the Bolshezemelnaya tundra, as well as the relict spruce woodlands and unique archaeological sites. The total area of the reserve is 54, 765 hectares, without the allocation of a protected zone.
One of the main attractions of the "More-Yu" nature reserve is the presence of the largest island relict spruce forest located beyond the Arctic Circle on the territory of the tundra.
Species of social and economic importance include the nesting bean goose, which is characterized by an unusually high density. In addition, the reserve is of great scientific importance as a model object designed to monitor the dynamics and state of forest and tundra ecosystems due to the coming climate change.
As for historical cultural sites, an important role is played by Habidepadara or the sinful and holy forest - a forest island, which the Nenets have the title of sacred.
The most important ecosystems and landscapes are the main value of the state nature reserve "More-Yu". The island relict spruce forest is located within the tundra zone and is somewhat isolated from the prevailing range of Siberian spruce, which formed in the subboreal period of the so-called Holocene, which dates back more than 4.5 thousand years ago. The forest area has an extended character and predominates to a greater extent in the valley of the More-Yu River. In the direction from east to west the forest has a length of about 12 km, from south to north - about 2.5 km. The growth of spruce trees in this area is carried out in separate groups and is characterized by a greater prevalence on the warmed-up slopes of the banks of the new and old river channel. The existing forest island is of exceptional interest in the study and formation of the flora, as well as the phenomenon of the existence of a small fragment of the dark coniferous taiga outside its range.
The natural diversity of the fauna and flora of the reserve has not yet been sufficiently studied and there is not enough material on this issue. To date, 246 species of plants found in the area of the More-Yu Island have been found within the distribution of the complex reserve.
The avifauna is very diverse, which includes about 60 species of birds. It has been established that about 12 varieties of the Siberian taiga ornithocomplex are bred in spruce woodlands: 1 species - arctic, 2 species - European broad-leaved. The territory of the complex is characterized by a high population and a wide variety of geese, swans, waders and some other waterfowl, as well as the Upland Buzzard, Merlin and several other predators.
A large number of representatives living on the territory of the reserve are included in the lists of the Red Book. For example, these are 14 species of lichens, which include blackening arctocetraria, rough cladonia, harsh hypogymnia, hairy brioria, ascending fissia and others. As for vascular plants, the following are listed in the Red Book: blunt orthyllia, two-colored sedge, wheel-shaped lomatogonium, alpine zhiryanka, blackish skerda and some other species.
Under special protection in the distribution zone of the "More-Yu" reserve are: Lesser White-fronted Goose, Common Gray Shrike, Golden Eagle, Lesser Swan, Peregrine Falcon, White-Tailed Eagle, Great Snipe and Gyrfalcon. In total, 39 representatives of flora and fauna are under protection, of which 29 species are protected under state control.
On the territory of the "More-Yu" reserve, it is strictly forbidden to allocate land plots and allotments for construction, erection of structures and buildings, lining of roads and all types of communications, storage and use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers, as well as mining and geological exploration.
